![]() Many programming languages require garbage collection, either as part of the language specification (e.g., RPL, Java, C#, D, Go, and most scripting languages) or effectively for practical implementation (e.g., formal languages like lambda calculus). ( July 2014) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. This section needs additional citations for verification. Some such methods de-allocate memory also. Resources other than memory, such as network sockets, database handles, windows, file descriptors, and device descriptors, are not typically handled by garbage collection, but rather by other methods (e.g. Garbage collection may take a significant proportion of a program's total processing time, and affect performance as a result. Other, similar techniques include stack allocation, region inference, and memory ownership, and combinations thereof. Garbage collection relieves the programmer from doing manual memory management, where the programmer specifies what objects to de-allocate and return to the memory system and when to do so. Garbage collection was invented by American computer scientist John McCarthy around 1959 to simplify manual memory management in Lisp. The garbage collector attempts to reclaim memory which was allocated by the program, but is no longer referenced such memory is called garbage. In computer science, garbage collection ( GC) is a form of automatic memory management. ![]() After that, the working memory contents is discarded in favor of the compressed copy, and the role of working and free memory are exchanged (depicted). ![]() When it is full (depicted), garbage collection is performed: All data structures still in use are located by pointer tracing and copied into consecutive locations in free memory. Stop-and-copy garbage collection in a Lisp architecture: Memory is divided into working and free memory new objects are allocated in the former. For garbage collection in a solid-state drive, see garbage collection (SSD). ![]() This article is about garbage collection in memory management. ![]()
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